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For example: "Our attention was drawn to the ropaks, glittering dazzlingly in the rays of the rising sun.” The whole sentence seems unclear to you, but the confusion is actually caused
by a single word, “ropak,” which means “ice floe standing on its edge.”

If the material seems difficult and unclear, do not try to move on. Go back to where you are having difficulty and find the word you don't understand. Look up its meaning in a dictionary - this will help you move on without gaps in your understanding.

This information is key to successful learning. Every subject you had to start and drop contained words whose meanings you did not know.

It is not necessarily difficult to use difficult or rare words. Often the problem lies in the fact that we misunderstand even the simplest words.
This is what causes confusion.

Think back, have you ever finished a page and realized that you don't remember what you just read? This is a sure sign that somewhere on that page there was a word you didn't know or misunderstood.

When reading this book, never skip words that you do not fully understand. The only reason a person drops out, gets confused, or becomes unable to learn is because of the omission of a misunderstood word.

Confusion or inability to learn occurs after encountering with an unfamiliar word whose meaning remains unknown.

What to do if you have difficulty?

The importance of checking even simple words

How do you know when you have missed a word?

Don't skip over misunderstood words

The importance of understanding each word when reading

Thus, the field of Dianetics identifies the main issues related to the mind and offers methods to address them.

1. The answer to the question of the purpose of thinking.
2. The discovery of a single source of all kinds of mental disorders.
3. Scientific evidence of the structure and workings of the mind.
4. Methods of eliminating the revealed single source.
5. Methods of preventing mental disorders.
6. The cause of all psychosomatic diseases and the method of their treatment.

The science of the mind should be as precise as physics and chemistry. It should have no “special cases.” The laws of nature operate independently of authoritative opinions. By applying the laws, one can create not one atomic bomb, but millions, and they will all work in the same way.

After systematizing the axioms and methods of the science of mind, it turns out that it overlaps with many existing teachings. This is not a disadvantage, but an advantage.

Creating a science of the mind is a goal that has attracted people for many thousands of years. Armies, dynasties, and entire civilizations have disappeared because this science was not there. Rome turned to ashes because of its absence. China is drenched in blood because it does not have this science. Ignorance of this science is the reason mankind has the atomic bomb on full alert in its arsenal.

The world has not known a more persistent and desperate quest. There was no primitive tribe, however ignorant, that did not realize the existence of this problem. Today one sees the Australian Aborigine using the “magic healing crystal” instead of the science of the mind. The shaman is content with a monotonous song and a sacred cigar instead of authentic laws. The Nanai shaman uses the sound of a drum instead of effective methods of alleviating mental suffering.
Even in the enlightened golden age of ancient Greece, prejudice reigned in the temple of Asclepius, the main place of treatment for mental illness. The Romans, in an attempt to restore mental health, invoked the gods or made sacrifices. In the Middle Ages, English kings trusted spirit charmers to cast demons out of the mentally ill.

Since the earliest times, man has been in awe of the phenomenon of strange diseases and abnormalities. The cure rate for the mentally ill has been consistently low. Treatment methods used by shamans or healers gave way to the more ruthless methods of shock therapy and surgery. These methods turned man into a docile animal, destroying his character and will.

The absence of a science of the mind has never been more conspicuous than it is today. The advancement of the natural sciences rushing forward has left the ability of humans to understand each other far behind. Mankind is armed with terrible weapons ready to be used in the next outbreak of madness.

Man realized that his main advantage over animals was a thinking mind. He has been trying to find a solution to the problem of mind ever since. The parts of the mind science equation have always existed, but they have been put together in a chaotic order. Philosophers, shamans, and mathematicians interpreted its fragments in different ways, but no final system existed.

With the development of Bacon's methods and Newton's mathematics, the exact sciences began to advance, while the study of the mind lagged behind. However, in any mosaic, the number of pieces is limited. Research into the many phenomena and laws of the mind gradually led to the possibility of creating a science of the mind.

Dianetics has the following features:

What should go into the science of the mind?

CHAPTER FIRST
FIELD OF DIANETICS

In Dianetics, a person in his or her optimal state is called clear (from the English clear, “clear, clean”). This word appears frequently in the book, both as a noun and as a verb (“to clear”). Therefore, it is important to state precisely at the beginning of the book what the goal of dianetic therapy is - the state of “clear”.

One can check the clearing for any aberrations: psychoses, neuroses, compulsions and repressions, as well as autogenous (self-induced) diseases, which are called psychosomatic diseases. Such a check will confirm that the cleric has no trace of such diseases or aberrations. Further verification will show that his intelligence level is far above what is considered the norm today, and observation of his activities will demonstrate that he is energetic and lives with pleasure.

In addition, it is also possible to obtain such results on the basis of comparison. A neurotic who also has psychosomatic illnesses can be examined for aberrations and illnesses and confirmed that they are indeed present. He can then be given dianetic therapy to rid him of these diseases and neurotic conditions. Finally, he can be examined again - and verified that his diseases and aberrations have indeed disappeared.

Note that this experiment has been carried out many times, and each time the result has been unchanged. It has been proven experimentally that clearing with dianetic therapy has this effect on all people whose nervous system is not organically damaged.

The Clear has qualities (these qualities are inherent in every person, but are not always manifested in him unless he is Clear) that people did not even suspect existed, and in the past these qualities were never considered when discussing human abilities and behavior.
First of all, this concerns perceptions. Even so-called "normal" people do not always distinguish all colors, all sound tones, and their sense of smell, taste, touch and organic sensations are not always at an optimum level.

These are the main communication channels that connect a person with the limited world that most people perceive as reality. It is interesting to note the following: although in the past observers believed that it was absolutely necessary for an aberrated person to face reality in order to become mentally healthy, however, no method was ever formulated for achieving this.

In order to face the reality that exists at the moment, it is necessary, of course, that a person be able to perceive this reality through the communication channels that are most often used by people.

Any of man's perceptions may be aberrated by mental disorders which prevent the analytical part of the mind from being aware of the sensations it receives. In other words, although the mechanism of color perception may be perfectly fine, there may be circuits in the mind which destroy the color before the conscious mind has a chance to see the object. It may be found that there are varying degrees of color blindness: colors appear less vivid, or dull, or, in the worst case, completely absent. We all know people who cannot stand "garish" colors, and people for whom these same colors seem not bright enough to be noticed.
The fact that this difference in the degree of color blindness depends on some mental state has never been recognized. And when it has been noticed, only vague suggestions have been made that it is a state of mind.

There are people who are greatly disturbed by noise, and to whom, for example, the persistent wailing of a violin sounds very much like drilling into their eardrums. There are also people who find fifty violins playing very loudly soothing. There are also those who show no interest in violin music, but merely feel bored. And for some, the sound of a violin, no matter how complex the melody, seems monotonous. These differences in the perception of sound, as well as errors in the perception of color and other visual information, have been attributed to innate qualities, organic deviations, or not classified at all.

Likewise, the sense of smell, touch, organic sensations, the sense of pain, and the sense of gravity vary greatly from person to person. If you quickly test your friends, you will find enormous differences in the perception of the same stimuli. One person finds the aroma of a turkey in the oven delicious, another remains indifferent to it, and a third, perhaps, does not notice it at all. And someone else might argue that roasting turkey smells exactly like hair oil, if we're talking about extremes.

Until we got the Clears, the reason for these differences remained unclear, since in most cases such sharp differences in the quality and intensity of perception are the result of aberration. Due to pleasant experiences in the past, and also depending on the innate sensitivity, there may also be some differences in the perceptions that the Clears have. The reaction of the Clear should not be automatically accepted as some kind of standard, an average (this is a dull and disgusting picture, which was the goal of the teachings of the past). The reaction of the Clear to the stimulus is the strongest possible, but it is subject to his desires. Burning gunpowder still smells dangerous to him, but this smell does not make him sick. Roast turkey smells good if he is hungry and likes turkey. Then it really smells wonderful. The violin sounds melodious to him, not monotonous, it does not cause painful sensations and brings full pleasure if the Clear likes violin music, which is a matter of taste. If the violin doesn't give him pleasure, then he might like the timpani, the saxophone, or, depending on his mood, no music at all.

In other words, there are two variables involved. One of them, the least predictable, is determined by aberrations. The other, quite rational and understandable, is determined by the individual qualities of the person.
Thus, the perceptions of an aberrated person (not a Clear) are very different from the perceptions of a Clear (non-aberrated person).

There are differences in the sense organs themselves and the errors caused by them. A certain amount of these errors (minimal) are of organic origin: perforated eardrums are not a full-fledged sound recording mechanism. Most of the errors of perception that can be attributed to organic are caused by psychosomatic deviations.

Wherever you look, you can see people wearing glasses, even children wear glasses. In most cases, people do this in an attempt to correct a certain condition, while the body itself is struggling to maintain this condition. When a person begins to wear glasses, his vision deteriorates due to psychosomatic deviations (but not because of the glasses themselves). This may be called a wild assertion, but no more than the assertion that apples, when falling from a tree, usually obey the law of gravity. One of the "side effects" that a Clear receives is that his vision, if it was poor when he was aberrated, usually improves markedly, and with some attention it eventually reaches optimum levels.

The vision of an aberrated person is impaired organically by his aberrations, so that the organs of perception (the eyes) themselves are no longer able to function normally. With the removal of the aberration, as has been repeatedly demonstrated by experience, the body makes heroic efforts to return to optimum conditions.

Hearing, like other senses, varies widely at the organic level. Calcium deposits, for example, can cause a constant ringing in the ears. The elimination of aberrations allows the body to self-regulate to achieve an optimal state: the calcium deposits disappear - the ringing in the ears stops. But even without considering this special case, there can be significant differences in the perception of sounds at the organic level. Both due to differences at the organic level and due to aberration, hearing can become significantly sharper or, conversely, can be greatly dulled, so that one person can hear footsteps a block away and for him it is normal, while another would not hear a drum thundering right outside his door.

The fact that different perceptions in different people differ greatly due to aberrations and psychosomatic deviations is far from the most important of the discoveries described here. The ability to remember is a much more impressive phenomenon if we consider how it varies from person to person. In observing Clears and aberrees, an entirely new way of remembering has been discovered, which is inherent in the mind but was previously unknown. In the case of aberrees, this process can be fully manifested only in a small percentage of them. In the Clear, however, it is a normal phenomenon. Of course, there is no hint here that the learned men of the past were not noted for their powers of observation. We are dealing with an entirely new, hitherto unknown object of observation - the Clear. What the Clear can do with ease, many people in the past were also able to do, but only to some degree and not always.

The ability that is inherent in the mechanisms of memory (and is not acquired) can be called in Dianetics the term recurrence. This word is used in its ordinary dictionary meaning, taking into account the fact that for the mind this is the normal activity of remembering. It happens like this: a person can “send” part of the mind into the past either mentally or simultaneously mentally and physically and relive those events that happened in the past – just as they happened at the time they happened, with the same sensations.

So the mind has another way of remembering. Part of the mind is able to “go back” and relive in full detail an event from the past, even when the person is fully awake. If you want to be sure, check this on several people until you find a person who can do this with ease. Being fully awake, he can “go back” to moments of his past. Until you asked him about it, he probably did not even suspect that he had this ability. If he could do it, he probably thought that everyone could do it (this kind of assumption was precisely the obstacle due to which much of this information previously remained unknown). He can return to the moment when he once swam and “swim” again, experiencing all the sensations from that moment: auditory, visual, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, organic, and so on.

Return is the full-blown work of image memory. Memory as a whole is capable of causing the organs of the body to sense again the stimuli that were present at a past moment. Partial ability to recall sensations is common; not so common as to be considered "normal," but certainly common enough to merit serious study, since this ability, again, can vary widely.

The perception of what exists in the present is one way of facing reality. However, if a person is unable to face the past, this means that he is in some way unable to face reality. And if it is agreed that facing reality is desirable, then a person would also have to face the reality of yesterday to be considered fully sane, according to the modern definition.

The first way is return. This is something new. Return has the following advantage: it allows one to revisit the moving pictures and all the other perceptions of the senses recorded at the moment when the event occurred. A person can also, by going back in time, recall his conclusions and fantasies. This ability to go back in time, to the moment when the necessary information was considered for the first time, is an excellent assistant in study, research and in everyday life.

In addition, there are more familiar ways of remembering. The optimal way is to return one or more sensations, while the person himself remains in the present time. In other words, some people, thinking about a rose, see a rose, feel its smell, touch it. They see it in all its colors, clearly - "with their inner eye", to use a well-known colloquial expression. They clearly feel its smell. And they are able to touch it, feeling even the thorns. Thinking about roses, they actually resurrect a rose in their memory.

In aberrated people, these abilities manifest themselves in completely different ways. If you ask them to think about a rose, some will only be able to visualize a rose. Others will smell the aroma, but will not see the flower itself. To others it will be colorless or very dim. If asked to think of a ship, some aberree will see only a flat, colorless, frozen image, such as a photograph or a painting. Others will see a ship in motion, without color, but will hear a sound. Some will hear the sounds that one might hear on a ship, but will see nothing at all. Some will think of a ship and get only the idea that ships exist and that they know about it, but these people will not be able to see it from memory, or feel it, or hear its sounds, or smell it, or have any other sensations.
In the past, some observers have called these "mental images," but this term is so inapplicable to hearing and touch, to organic sensations and pain, that in Dianetics a special term is used in all cases - recall.

Testing for recall is quite simple. If you ask people you know about their abilities, you will get a good idea of ​​how much this ability varies from person to person. Some people have one recall, some have another. Some people have no recall at all, and operate solely on ideas of what a particular recall should be. And remember, when testing your friends for recall, that all perception is stored (and therefore can be recalled) in memory, and this includes pain, temperature, rhythm, taste, weight, along with the ones already mentioned: sight, hearing, touch, and smell.

The names of recalls used in Dianetics are: visual (sight), sonic (sound), touch, smell, rhythmic, kinesthetic (weight and movement), somatic (pain), thermal (temperature), and organic (internal body sensations, and, by new definition, emotion).

There are a number of other mental activities that can be classified under the headings of "imagination" and "creative imagination." These, too, offer rich material for study.

Imagination is a recombination6 of what one has previously sensed, thought, or created through intellectual calculations, and which does not necessarily exist in reality. It is the mind's way of picturing desired goals and predicting future events. Imagination is extremely valuable because it is necessary for solving all the problems that confront the mind, including those that arise in everyday life. The fact that it is a recombination does not in any way deprive imagination of its amazing, incredible complexity.

The Clear uses imagination to its fullest extent. He has "templates" of sorts for picturing sights, smells, tastes, sounds—in short, for every possible perception. These templates are made up of patterns in the memory banks; he builds these models into a coherent whole with the help of the concepts he has.

Building something new, looking at tomorrow from the point of view of today, at next year from the point of view of the past, at future pleasures, things to do, accidents to avoid - all this belongs to the functions of the imagination.

The Clear has an imagination in which all the full-fledged perceptions are present: color video, sonic with timbre, tactile (relating to touch), olfactory, rhythmic, kinesthetic, thermal and organic sensations. If he is asked to imagine himself riding in a gilded carriage drawn by four horses, he will "see" the carriage in motion, in all its colors, "hear" all the sounds that should be heard there, "perceive" the smells that, as he believes, should be there, and "feel" the upholstery of the seat, the movement of the carriage and his presence in it.

Besides ordinary imagination, there is creative imagination. This is a faculty which has a very wide range, and it varies greatly from person to person, some having it to an incredible degree. It is mentioned here, not because it is one of the aspects of the mind with which Dianetics usually deals, but simply to single it out as a separate entity.
In a Clear endowed with creative imagination, this faculty can be demonstrated even though it was blocked when he was an aberree. It is an innate faculty. It can be aberrated only by inhibiting its use, that is, by aberrating the persistence in using it, or by completely "encapsulating" the mind.

But creative imagination, which is the asset by which works of art are created, nations are formed, and wealth is multiplied, may be considered as a separate and independent function. It is not at all necessary for man to be aberrated for its existence, since a study of this faculty and its use in a Clear who possesses this faculty conclusively proves its innate character. It is rare to find a person who does not have it.

And finally, the last, but nevertheless the most important activity of the mind. Man must be considered as a being possessing consciousness. This quality of man depends on his ability to solve problems by perceiving or creating situations and comprehending them.

This intelligence, rationality, is the main, highest function of that part of the mind by virtue of which man is a man and not just another animal. By virtue of the fact that he remembers, perceives, uses imagination, he has an outstanding ability to draw conclusions and use them to draw new conclusions on their basis. Such is the rational man.
Rationality in its pure form (without admixture of aberrations) can be observed only in the Clear. The aberrated man, because of the aberrations he has, appears irrational. Although this irrationality can be called more kindly - "eccentricity", "human fallacies" or even "personality" - it is irrationality nonetheless.

A person's personality is not determined by how irrationally he behaves. For example, being a drunk driver and running over a child at an intersection (or even just being a threat to his life by driving drunk) is not a personality trait. The inability to come to the right answer based on the available information is irrationality.

The interesting thing is that although it is a "common knowledge" that "to err is human" (and how much misinformation is spread thanks to this "common knowledge"!), nevertheless the conscious part of the mind, which solves problems and makes a person human, is completely incapable of making mistakes.

The establishment of this fact is a startling discovery. But it could have been established earlier, since it is simple and clear enough. The human mind's ability to make calculations in itself never fails, even when the person is seriously aberrated.

Watching the actions of such a person, one might, without thinking, assume that his calculations are wrong. This would be a mistake on the part of the observer. Any person, whether aberrated or clear, makes his calculations without error, based on the information received and accumulated.
Let us take an ordinary calculating machine (and the mind is an incredible, marvelous device, far superior to any machine it will ever invent) and give it a problem. Let us multiply 7 by 1. The machine will answer, as expected, 7. Now let us multiply 6 by 1, leaving the seven. Six times one is six, but you get the answer 42. Still leaving the seven in place, we give the machine other problems. The answers will again be wrong – the answers, not the problems.

Now make it so that the seven is always pressed, no matter which buttons are pressed, and try to give this calculating machine to someone. No one will take it, because it is obvious that the machine has “gone crazy”. It shows that ten times ten is seven hundred. But is the part of the machine that does the calculations really wrong, or is it simply being fed incorrect information?

In the same way, the human mind, called upon to solve gigantic problems with so many variables that any calculating machine would get confused a thousand times in an hour of work, becomes a victim of incorrect information. Erroneous information enters the machine – the machine gives incorrect answers. Erroneous information enters the human memory bank – the human reacts “abnormally”.

The problem of getting rid of aberrations, therefore, essentially boils down to finding the "pressed seven". But we will talk about this much, much later. For now, we have achieved our goal.

Such are the various faculties and functions of the human mind, constantly busy solving a multitude of problems. It perceives, it remembers or returns, it fantasizes, it makes plans, and then seeks solutions. Served by its "apparatus" - the senses, memory banks and imagination - the mind gives answers that are invariably accurate; the solutions found by the mind are only somewhat influenced by the person's observations, education and views.

As can be found in the study of the state of the clear, the main goals of the mind and the very essence of man are directed towards creation and good.

Man is good.
Rid him of the main aberrations - and with them will go the evil that moralists and inveterate pedants adore so much.
Below is a description of the experiments and evidence in favor of what is said here.

CHAPTER TWO: THE CLERGY

The dynamics of survival inherited from the species actually exist within each individual organism. The organism is part of the species; this is similar to the way a railroad tie might be considered part of the railroad track from the point of view of an observer on a train, the observer always being in the "now" - although this analogy may not be the best.

There is a force within the organism itself that repels it from sources of pain. The source of pain itself is not the driving force, any more than a thorn bush scratching the arm is the driving force; it is the organism that repels the potential pain in the form of a thorn.

At the same time, there is a force within the organism that attracts it to sources of pleasure. Pleasure is not a magnetic force that attracts the organism. It is the organism itself that has the force of attraction. It is inherent in it from the beginning.

The repulsion from sources of pain and the attraction to sources of pleasure act together as an impulse that repels the organism from death in the direction of immortality. The impulse to repel death is no stronger than the impulse to attract immortality. In other words, from the point of view of the dynamics of survival, pleasure is as important a factor as pain.

The above should not be interpreted as meaning that survival is always connected with the fact that you are constantly looking into the future. Thinking about pleasure, enjoyment itself, and thinking about past pleasures - all this is combined into a harmonious whole that automatically increases the survival potential of the organism, acting in it on a physical level, and at the same time such thinking does not necessarily have to include calculations regarding the future.

Pleasure, the result of which is some harm to the physical condition of the organism (for example, in the case of intemperance or licentiousness), allows us to see how the effect obtained on the physical level (lowering the potential in the direction of pain) is related to the effect obtained on the mental level (experienced pleasure). Such a situation entails a decrease in the dynamics of survival.

And if we take into account the possibility of future troubles caused by this act, and the state in which the person was at the time of its commission, then as a result we will again see that the dynamics of survival decreases. It is for this reason that any intemperance and licentiousness have not been in favor with people throughout history. This is the formula of "immoral pleasure".

Any action aimed at obtaining pleasure, which entailed the suppression of survival (or can lead to such consequences), was sooner or later condemned in human history. At first, the label "immoral" is hung on some actions for the reason that they lower the level of the dynamics of survival. Subsequently, the assignment of this label to such actions may depend mainly on the prejudices and aberrations of people, and therefore there is a constant dispute about what is moral and what is immoral.

Because certain things done for pleasure are really pain (when you have finished reading this book you will see the reason for this very easily), and because of the above-mentioned "moral formula", pleasure itself can become an object of condemnation in any aberrated society.

There is a special kind of thinking (we will discuss it below) which allows only a very weak ability to discriminate between objects. An example of this would be a person deciding that all politicians are dishonest because one of them was dishonest. The ancient Romans loved pleasure, but some of the things they called pleasure were hard for others, such as Christians, to bear.

When the Christians destroyed the pagan state, the old Roman order came to be considered something villainous. Consequently, everything Roman became evil. This reached astonishing proportions: the fact that the Romans loved to bathe made it so immoral that Europe went unwashed for a millennium and a half. The Romans became a source of pain for everyone and everything - and it got to the point that everything Roman was considered evil and remained evil long after the disappearance of Roman paganism.

Thus, the question of what is immoral tends to become quite complex. In our example, it became so complex that pleasure itself became considered unacceptable.
When half the survival potential is crossed off the list of what is considered permissible, there is indeed a significant decrease in survival. If our graph were applied to an entire people, then a halving of the survival potential would indicate that this people is in for very hard times.

In fact, since man is man after all, no set of laws, however enforced, can completely destroy the attraction of pleasure. But in our example, enough pleasures were actually crossed out and prohibited to produce exactly what happened: the Middle Ages arrived and society declined. It was revived only in periods when pleasures became less "illegal" (as in the Renaissance).

When a nation or an individual sinks to the second zone, as marked on the diagram, and the general tone is in the range from the first zone to the third (without touching the third), the result is madness. Madness is irrationality. It is also a state in which a nation or an organism is constantly so close to non-survival that it begins to find all sorts of wild solutions to its problems.

For further consideration of this diagram, we will need the concept of a survival suppressor. This, as we shall see, is the impulse that pushes a people, a species, or an individual organism (which are represented in the diagram as a survival dynamic) downwards, away from potential immortality.

A survival suppressor is the sum of all the factors (which do not remain constant) that threaten the survival of a people, a species, or an individual organism. Threats come from other species, from time, from other energies.

The factors themselves, from which the threat comes, are also struggling for survival, striving to achieve potential immortality for themselves or their species. Thus, there is a conflict here. Each form of life or energy can be represented in the diagram as a survival dynamic.
If we were to represent the survival dynamic of a duck in the diagram, then man would be part of the duck's suppressor, striving for a high level of survival.

The balance factor, as well as the very nature of things, do not allow the infinitely distant goal of immortality to be achieved. Life and various types of energy go through their ebbs and flows, the formless nebula takes on forms, they disintegrate and again pass into formlessness - and all this in an unstable equilibrium, and this process is almost infinitely complex.

It would be possible to derive many formulas related to all this, but at the moment this is beyond our interests.

When studying the zones of the diagram, it is to some extent important to know how great is the power of the suppressor, opposing the dynamics of survival. Dynamics are inherent in individuals, groups, peoples and species that have learned (in the course of evolution, which lasted for countless years) to resist the suppressor.

If we talk about man, he has another set of offensive and defensive methods - his culture. The main technology of man's survival is his thinking, thanks to which physical actions are controlled at a conscious level.

However, each life form has its own technology to solve the problems of nutrition, safety and reproduction. The degree of efficiency of the technology developed by any life form (armor or brain, speed of movement or deceptive appearance) directly indicates the survival potential, the relative immortality of that form.

The purpose of life can be considered to be endless survival. It can be shown that man as a life form obeys in all his actions and goals one single command - SURVIVE!

That man survives is not a new idea. The new idea is that man is driven solely by survival.

The fact that man's sole purpose is survival does not mean that he himself is the best survival mechanism that life has ever created or will ever create. The dinosaur's purpose was also survival, but the dinosaurs died out.

Obeying the command "SURVIVE!" does not mean that all attempts to do so will be invariably successful. Environmental changes, mutations, and many other things prevent any organism from finding perfect methods of survival or a form that would be flawless from the point of view of survival.

Life forms change and die as new forms arise, just as an individual living organism, being itself mortal, creates other living organisms and then dies. If we were to make life survive for a very long time, an excellent way to do this would be to give it the power of taking on a variety of forms. And death would be necessary to facilitate the survival of the life force itself, since only death and decay can clear out the older forms when new changes in the environment necessitate the appearance of new forms. Life, as a force that exists over a practically infinite period of time, requires that there be a cyclicity in the individual forms and organisms that compose it.

What would be the characteristics of the different forms of life that would ensure their best survival? These forms would have to have different basic qualities, and these qualities would have to differ from species to species to the same extent that one habitat differs from another.

This is an important point, since little attention has been paid in the past to the fact that the combination of qualities that contribute to the survival of one species would not contribute to the survival of another.

The methods of survival can be summarized as follows: feeding, providing security (both defense and offense), and reproduction. There is no life form that does not have solutions to these problems. Every life form makes mistakes of one kind or another, maintaining a quality for too long or developing qualities that may lead to its extinction. However, the adaptations that a life form has developed that ensure its success are far more astonishing than the mistakes it makes. Naturalists and biologists constantly find explanations for the presence of certain qualities in various life forms, discovering that the reason for this is necessity, not whim. The valves of a mollusc’s shell and the frightening pattern on a butterfly’s wings – all of these have value for the survival of these organisms.

People have long sought an answer to the question: what is the purpose of man, the lowest common denominator of all his activity, the dynamic (i.e. driving) principle of existence. If this answer were found, answers to many other questions would inevitably follow from it. It would explain all the phenomena of human behavior and make it possible to solve the main problems of humanity. And most importantly, this answer could be used in practice.

Let us assume that all knowledge is divided by some dividing line. Everything that is above it is not necessary for solving the problem of aberrations and the most common shortcomings of man and is known inaccurately. We can assume that this would include such spheres of thought as metaphysics and mysticism. Below this line there would be a finite universe. Everything in it, known or as yet unknown, can be perceived, experienced, or measured. Known information in this limited universe can be classified as scientific truth after it has been perceived, experienced, or measured. All the factors necessary to create a science of the mind have been found within a finite universe, discovered, perceived, measured, experienced, and become scientific truth. The components of a finite universe are time, space, energy, and life. No other factors have been found to be necessary in our formula.

Time, space, energy, and life have one common denominator. As an analogy, time, space, energy, and life were born at some starting point and given orders to continue their existence, moving toward some destination that is almost infinity. They were told nothing except what to do. They obey one order, and that order is SURVIVE!

Survival Dynamics and Suppressors

Survival Graph

The longer the vertical arrow, the higher the human survival potential. Within the fourth zone, the survival potential is excellent, the person enjoys existence.
The horizontal axis could be used to represent time in years.

The pursuit of pleasure is a dynamic (driving, motivating) desire. Pleasure is a reward, and the desire to receive this reward (to achieve goals that promote survival) is an activity that brings pleasure. In order for the command "SURVIVE!" to be executed, nature, apparently, has arranged it so that a decrease in the survival potential brings pain.

Pain exists to push a person away from death; pleasure exists to urge him to achieve optimal living conditions. The pursuit of pleasure and the achievement of this goal play no less a role in survival than the avoidance of pain. In fact, according to some observations, pleasure is much more important in the picture of the universe than pain.

Here it would be appropriate to define the concept of "pleasure" without its connection with immortality. According to the dictionary, pleasure is "enjoyment, pleasant emotion, fleeting joy; the opposite of pain." Pleasure can be found in so many objects and activities that only a list of everything that a person has considered, considers, and can consider pleasurable could make this definition complete.

And what do we mean by the word "pain"? According to the dictionary, pain is "physical or mental suffering; punishment."

These two definitions, by the way, demonstrate the intuitive type of thinking that is characteristic of language. As soon as someone finds a way to solve hitherto unsolved problems, it turns out that even the dictionaries "always knew it."

If we were to plot this graph for the life cycle of a certain biological species, it would look exactly the same, except that time would be measured in geological epochs instead of years, since there is apparently no difference between one member of a species and the whole species except the magnitude of the parameters by which they are characterized. This logical conclusion can be made even without using as proof the remarkable fact that man, in the process of growing from zygote to adult, passes through all the forms through which the whole species is supposed to have passed in the course of evolution.

There is more information in this graph than has been presented so far. The physical and mental state of a person changes from hour to hour, from day to day, from year to year. Therefore, the level of survival can be plotted as a curve (covering one day or a whole life), marking the position of a person in one or another zone every hour or every year. In addition, this would make it possible to plot two curves: one of physical and one of mental state. When we come to the end of this book, we shall see that the relationship of these two curves is vitally important, and that a decline in the mental state line usually precedes a decline in the physical state line.

The zones on the diagram can thus relate to two spheres of being – the physical state and the mental state. The four zones can therefore be called zones of states of being. When a person is happy (mental state), his level of survival is in zone four. If a person is seriously ill (physical state), his graph will be in zone one or close to death – depending on the severity of the disease.

These zones have been given very imprecise, but nevertheless expressive names. The third is the zone of happiness and well-being in general. The second is the zone of tolerable existence. The first is the zone of anger. Zero is the zone of apathy. These zones can be used as a tone scale by which to assess the mental state. Just above the death level, which is taken as zero, there will be the lowest level of mental state – apathy – or the lowest level of physical existence; this is the 0.1 level. The tone 1 zone, in which the body is struggling with physical pain or illness, or in which the person is fighting in anger, could be marked as follows: from 1.0 (indignation or hostility) through tone 1.5 (seething rage) to 1.9 (which corresponds to simple grumpiness). From tone 2.0 to 3.0 there will be an increasing interest in existence, etc.

In reality, the mental and physical state do not remain at the same level for long. Thus, various fluctuations occur. In the course of one day, the mental state of an aberrated person may vary from 0.5 to 3.5 up and down the scale. An accident or illness may cause the physical state to fluctuate in the same way in the course of a day.

This visual two-dimensional diagram combines – in a workable form – the most important data needed to solve the problem of the dynamics (driving force) of life. The horizontal lines are spaced apart so that a geometric progression is obtained, starting from the zero line, which is located just above death. Each zone has ten lines and reflects the mental or physical state of a person, as indicated above. With this arrangement of lines in geometric progression, the gaps between them are constantly increasing. When the tip of the arrow of the dynamics of survival is in any of the gaps, this means that the survival potential at this point is equal to the size of this gap. The further the tip of the arrow is from death, the better the person's chances of survival. Geometric progression tends towards the impossible - infinity, but this, of course, is unattainable. The organism survives in time (on the horizontal axis this is the direction from left to right). Optimal survival - immortality - is on the right on the time scale. The only thing that is measured vertically is the survival potential.

Dynamics of Survival

Once it was discovered that survival is the only dynamic (i.e., driving force) of a life form that explains all its activities, it became necessary to study survival further. And it was found that it is enough to take into account only pain and pleasure in order to have everything necessary for a clear description of the actions that life undertakes in its quest to survive.

As can be seen from the graph given here, the spectrum of life, in our view, extends from zero (death or extinction) to infinity (potential immortality). The spectrum, according to this view, contains an infinite number of lines leading, like a ladder, to potential immortality. Each subsequent interval between the lines of this spectrum is slightly larger than the previous one - and this increase occurs in geometric progression.
The impulse to survive is directed in such a way as to move away from death and towards immortality. We can consider that maximum pain exists immediately before death, and maximum pleasure is immortality.

From the point of view of the individual organism or species, immortality has an attractive force, and death has a repulsive force. But as the level of survival rises higher and higher, in the direction of immortality, the gaps between the steps become wider and wider, until eventually a point is reached where they cannot be crossed. The urge to survive is directed from death, which has a repulsive force, to immortality, which has an attractive force; the attractive force is pleasure, the repulsive force is pain.

The dynamic principle of existence is survival

CHAPTER THREE: The Purpose of Man

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